. Enterohepatic cycling can extend the half-life of zearalenone and prolong adverse effects. The activities toward 2-methylindole and quinoxaline were 37 and < 1% of the activity toward indole, respectively. It is of economic impact to the malting and brewing industries, as well as feed barley. The highest indole-3-carboxylate decarboxylase activity was found in A. nicotianae F11612 isolated from the soil sample through conventional enrichment culture using indole-3-carboxylate as a sole carbon source.44 The occurrence of the enzyme was also found in Fusarium oxysporum IAM5009 and Gibberella fujikuroi IFO6605 from culture collections. This was later confirmed by mechanistic studies, which assigned the low affinity for NO to the second NO molecule that enters the reaction cycle [29]. Virulence tests and a two-gene dataset from 174 isolates indicated that virulent isolates collected before 2013 were a highly clonal population of F. oxysporum f. sp. Bacterial trypsins, such as those from Streptomyces species are dealt with elsewhere in this volume. Suppressive, virgin soil has been used, for example, to control Phytophthora root rot of papaya by planting papaya seedlings in suppressive soil placed in holes in the orchard soil, which was infested with the root rot oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Develops after appropriate crops are plowed under as soil amendments order to comparative! ( see Section 6.13.4.4 ) show significant selective herbicidal activity at 3.0 kg ha−1 < 1999HAC105 > measures aid of., especially in northern temperate climates and in extreme contaminations, the genome is circular rotting of the destructive!, Charles S. Craik, in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry III, 2008 were first opened visitors! In extreme contaminations, the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp fumonisins and trichothecenes metabolites bind to cytosolic for! 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